Also, these are more targeted at beginners to programming, but Daniel Shiffman has a youtube channel and a free book about creative coding with p5 (The Nature of Code) that is very good. Depending on your background, it may contain a lot of remedial material, but there’s some really great ideas on how to think about designing dynamic systems that make cool images and interactive art in there, especially in the later chapters if you skip around.

Processing and its descendants, p5.js, p5.py. Nannou for Rust.

vpype is a really powerful python library/toolkit for generating art for plotters (drawing robots).

Blender with python scripting is also widely used.

Some relevant keywords: “procedural art”, “generative art” (generative AI is kinda killing this one), “creative coding”, “algorithmic art”, “plotter art”, “pen plotter”, “live coding” (for music with code)

The fediverse (mostly mastodon) has a decent presence of artists, usually tagging works with some of the above keywords.